IJOMAHIP Published Article Details

Abstract Ethics in medical futility at the end-of-life concerns when it is morally appropriate to withhold or withdraw treatments that are deemed to have no reasonable chance of providing meaningful benefit to a patient. The authors offer in-depth perspective derived from literature on the ethics of medical futility based on the four standard bioethical principles frame futility debates: beneficence (providing benefit), nonmaleficence (avoiding harm), respect for autonomy (honoring informed choices), and justice (fair use of resources). Clinicians are expected to offer only treatments that are medically appropriate and consistent with professional standards of care. Ethically sound practice requires eliciting patient’s values, goals and explaining which interventions can or cannot meet acceptable outcomes, and, when conflict persists, using structured processes such as ethics consultation or institutional policies rather than unilateral bedside decisions. KEYWORDS: Autonomy, Beneficence, Ethics, Justice, Medical Futility, Nonmaleficence